SERIAL DILUTION METHOD  [55R1]


      Serial dilution method:   "Separation of staphylococci, E.


coli and saprophytic streptococci from the specifically virulent


streptococci in nasopharyngeal swabbings was accomplished in serial


dilution cultures in dextrose-brain broth using a nicrome wire at


steps of 10-2, 10-6 and 10-10 in which the specifically virulent


streptococci outgrow the avirulent streptococci, staphylococci and


E. coli." [55R1]






SCAVENGER ORGANS: LIVER, SPLEEN AND KIDNEY  55R1-242


  Regarding a number of diseases, including glaucoma, epilepsy,


MS., epidemic poliomyelitis and coronary heart disease:  "The


number of colonies and percentage incidence of isolation of hte


streptococcus from the liver, spleen and kidney without evidence of



lesions were uniformly high regardless of the source of the


streptococcus, indicating it would seem a protective scavenger-like


function of these organs."






REMARKABLE INCREASE IN VIRULENCE IN MIXED CULTURES  [55R1, p.246]


  In 1955 Dr. Rosenow noted that a "remarkable elective or specific


localization occured in organs of mice corresponding to those


chiefly involved in patients from whom the streptococcus was


isolated from the nasopharynx ..."


  However, when 14 specific strains were mixed and stored at 10


degrees C for 71 days in glycerin-NaCl solution, and then grown in


dextrose-brain broth and injected intravenously in laboratary mice,


not only had characteristic specificities disappeared, but also


"the number of streptococci and percentage incidence of isolations


from the different organs of mice were almost without exception far


greater than what would be expected ... [comprising a] remarkable


increase in localizing property or 'virulence'".  Moreover, results


indicated that "each streptococcus that remained viable in the


stored composite glycerine-NaCl solution suspension had acquired


the diverse localizing properties characteristic of the 14


respective specific strains. ... Most remarkable of all are the


facts (1) that the changes in the composite mixture of the specific


types of streptococci occurred at a temperature of 10 degrees C and


other conditions that precluded growth, (2) that the newly acquired


properties were transmissible as the streptococci grew in


subculture in the dextrose brain broth, and (3) that such changes


never occurred under comparable conditions of storage of specific


strains separately."


  "The maintenance almost indefinitely of respective specificities


on storage separately of specific strains of alpha streptococci as


partially dehydrated in the glycerol-NaCl solution menstruum nd the


phenomenal increase in organotropic localization on additional



identical storage of composite mixtures of respective specific


strains of streptocci is new, truly remarkable and fundamental, for


it indicates the importance of environmental conditions for the


acquisition and maintenance of respective specifities of the ever-


present alpha streptocci in human beings.  The importance of


determining specifities inherent or acquired of alpha type


streptococci in studies on etiology such as these is obvious."


[55R1, p. 246]